Inter-Annotator Agreement & Consistency

12 min read

When multiple data annotators work on the same machine learning project, consistency becomes critical. Learn how to measure and ensure uniform annotation quality across your labeling team.

Measuring Inter-Annotator Agreement

Use inter-annotator agreement (IAA) metrics to quantify labeling consistency in your training data:

  • Cohen's Kappa - Measures agreement between two annotators, accounting for chance. Values above 0.8 indicate excellent agreement.
  • Fleiss' Kappa - Extends to multiple annotators for classification tasks
  • Krippendorff's Alpha - Works for any number of annotators and data types
  • IoU (Intersection over Union) - Essential metric for bounding box and segmentation annotation quality

Improving Annotation Consistency

  1. Start with training sessions using gold standard labeled data
  2. Run weekly calibration exercises with your annotation team
  3. Create decision trees for edge cases in your labeling guidelines
  4. Use consensus labeling for difficult items requiring multiple annotators
Pro Tip: TigerLabel automatically calculates inter-annotator agreement metrics. Set up alerts when agreement drops below your quality threshold.